Includes index.

Bibliography: pages 480-486.

The modern study of early Judaism / George W.E. Nickelsburg, with Robert A. Kraft -- The political and social history of the Jews in Greco-Roman antiquity : the state of the question / Shaye J.D. Cohen -- Diversity in postbiblical Judaism / Gary G. Porton -- The Samaritans and Judaism / James D. Purvis -- Judaism as seen by outsiders / John G. Gager -- The Judean desert / Jerome Murphy-O'Connor -- Other manuscript discoveries / Sebastian P. Brock -- Archaeology, iconography, and nonliterary written remains / Eric M. Meyers and A. Thomas Kraabel -- Jewish numismatics / Yaakov Meshorer -- Jewish Greek scriptures / Emanuel Tov -- The Bible rewritten (narratives) / Daniel J. Harrington -- The Bible explained (prophecies) / Maurya P. Horgan -- The literary genre "testament" / Anitra Bingham Kolenkow -- The testamentary literature in recent scholarship / John J. Collins -- Narrative literature / Robert Doran -- Jewish historiography / Harold W. Attridge -- Apocalyptic literature / John J. Collins -- Wisdom literature / Burton L. Mack and Roland E. Murphy -- Jewish hymns, odes, and prayers (ca. 167 B.C.E.-135 C.E.) / James H. Charlesworth -- Reconstructions of rabbinic Judaism / Anthony J. Saldarini.